Published on 17 July 2024
When a transaction is not settled in full at the point of sale, credit may be extended to the customer. The payment schedule, agreed to by both parties to the transaction, defines the terms of contract around when and how that credit will be repaid.
A payment schedule sets the dates upon which partial or full payments are to be made, so that both the buyer and seller can have a clear understanding of the repayment process.
Payment schedules can be structured in different ways, depending on the nature of the transaction and the parties involved.
Summary
Key Takeaways
- A payment schedule is an agreement between buyer and seller as to when and how a transaction will be paid.
- It provides a clear timeline for both parties as to when payments are expected.
- Different types of payments are possible, including lump-sum, instalment and fixed payments.
- Establishing and monitoring payment schedules is key to good financial management.
Definition and importance of payment schedules
A payment schedule sets out a timeline for when payments will be made by one party to another. It is important because it sets clear expectations as to when payments are due and the form they should take. It helps businesses keep track of money owed to them by their customers and money owed by them to their creditors.
Payment schedules are used in a variety of situations including, but not limited to, loans, mortgages, and credit contracts.
Carefully monitoring payment schedules is essential and can help companies identify difficulties and missing payments, enabling them to take appropriate action in good time.
Payment schedules also help companies budget and manage cash flow, indicating when incoming payments can be expected.
Payment schedules can also help avoid disputes between the buyer and seller by clarifying the expectations of both parties.
Factors contributing to outstanding balances in business
There are several elements in a payment schedule which differ depending on the nature of the transaction and the parties to it. Certain components are common to all payment schedules.
Payment amount
Every payment schedule contains information on the amount that is due to be paid. This is the most important information, as it lets the seller know the total amount they can expect to be paid and lets the buyer know how much they are expected to pay.
Due date
In addition to the payment amount, the payment schedule also sets out the dates upon which payments are due. This might be the first Monday of every month, every Friday or the 25th of every month, for example, depending on what is agreed in the payment schedule.
In some cases, payment may end up being due on a public holiday, which can complicate prompt payments. For example, if payment is due on the 25th of each month, then it is likely that in some countries, payment on the 25th of December is moved forward to the next business day. This automatic adjustment is referred to as the date rolling.
Frequency
The payment schedule also defines payment frequency. Payments may be expected on a weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, for example, or the buyer and seller may have agreed to another customized schedule.
Total payment period
In addition to information on payment amount, the payment day, and payment frequency, a payment schedule will also include information on the overall payment period. This mentions both the start date of the payment schedule and the end date, also referred to as the maturity date, when the transaction will be considered complete.
The payment schedule will also include information on interest or any late fees or penalties that may be due.
Types of invoice factoring
Different types of payment schedules are commonly used. They differ depending on the nature of the transaction. Some of the most common types of payment schedules are in the context of loan repayments, contract payments and bill payments.
Loan payment schedule
Payment schedules for loans apply to transactions such as mortgages and loans to purchase machinery or equipment. A loan payment schedule, sometimes referred to as an “amortization” schedule, indicates the amount of the loan and its current value as repayments are made over time.
Loan payment schedules can be customized based on personal circumstances such as income and credit history and established following a credit check.
Contract payment schedule
A contract payment schedule is a timeline of agreed payment dates over the life of a specific contract.
Contractors rarely receive a single, lump-sum payment for their materials or services they provide. Rather, a contract is drawn up which breaks down the total contract into instalments at regular intervals or at specific stages in the project.
A contract payment schedule helps the contractor know when payments will be made, allowing them to purchase material or settle bills, and helps the project owner pay as work progresses.
Bill payment schedule
Bill payment schedules are another very widely used method of settling transactions. Establishing a bill payment schedule helps avoid late payments and any associated late-payment fees or penalties.
Bill payment schedules cover recurring bills such as utilities bills, rent, tax bills, and so on, and set a clear timeline for when such payments are due. This may be on a monthly, quarterly, or other basis.
Bill payment schedules are often customized, and many companies allow customers to specify the day of the month, for example, that payments are to be made. Automated payment can be used to ensure payments are not missed and to avoid the stress of tracking and making individual payments.
Creating a payment schedule
Creating a payment schedule that meets your company’s needs begins with identifying all payment obligations and setting an appropriate payment schedule.
Identifying payment obligations
The starting point is to identify all payment obligations. This includes recurring payments for such things as utilities bills and tax payments, but also payments due on mortgages and other obligations.
Setting due dates
Once your payment obligations have been identified, the due date for payments needs to be set and adjusted as appropriate. Most utilities companies, for example, give customers the possibility of setting the day of the month on which bills are to be settled. This ensures the designated account has sufficient funds on that specific day.
Automating payments
One way of ensuring on-time payments and avoiding late-payment fees and penalties is to automate outgoing payments. Most recurring bills, such as repayments on loans to purchase equipment or machinery, mortgage payments etc. can be automatically paid from a designated bank account.
This simple procedure, which can often be set up online, frees up time and ensures that payments are made promptly.
Managing payment schedule changes
Sometimes, it is necessary to adjust payment schedules to reflect changes in the market or in your business. This may include changes in regulations or interest rates, or a need for greater flexibility in your business.
Communicating changes
If you decide that changes need to be made to the payment schedules you have agreed with your customers, then it is essential to clearly communicate these changes and the reasons for them.
In most cases, this will take the form of a written document setting out the changes to the payment schedule in advance of the change being implemented, giving your customers time to make any necessary changes.
Adjusting budgets
If changes are made to your payment schedules you will need to make the appropriate adjustments to your financial plans to ensure you have sufficient resources according to the new timeline, due date, or instalment amount.
Conclusion
Establishing and maintaining payment schedules is an essential part of good financial management. A well-prepared and monitored payment schedule ensures there is clarity around what is owed, by whom and the applicable payment terms. Payment schedules help companies plan financial flows and avoid late payments and the corresponding fees.
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